International generic name Retinol
Drug form and composition Solution, oral drops. 5 milliliters of oil solvent contains 40 000 UI Retinol palmitate (8 000 UI/ml).
Indications For prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis A. The preparation is used for treatment of the following diseases: nyctalopia, photophobia; xerophthalmia; folicular keratosis; keratomalacia; injuries; diskeratois; ichthyosis; diffuse and local hyperkeratosis; seborrheic eczema; akne; skin burnings and freeze damages with retarded epithelization; stomatitis; gingivitis; gastritis; ulcers of the stomach and duodenum; diarrhea; gastrectomy; intestinal diseases; malabsorbtion syndrome in pancreatic insufficiency; protein deficiency; hyperthyroidism; measles and long-term stress.
Dosage and administration Vitamin A is applied orally, 15 000 UI (4.5 mg) daily; in severe deficiency higher dose is used – up to 50 000 UI daily. In hyperthyroidism and skin diseases – 100 000-200 000 UI daily within 6 weeks, after which the dose is reduced to 50 000 UI daily. In newborns and breast-feed children the dose should not exceed 1000-1500 UI/kg daily.
Contraindications Hypersensitivity to vitamin A, chronic alcohol abuse; liver diseases; chronic renal failure and malignant neoplasm.
Special warnings and precautions High doses of vitamin A was not approved to be effective in aging and damaged skin (for example acne). In this reason its application in such cases is not advisable. During the pregnancy and nursing the preparation should be used with care after careful consideration of the individual dosage and duration of the treatment. Data exist that a daily dose higher than 6 000 UI may exert a harmful influence on the fetus. The treatment with therapeutic dose vitamin A during lactation has no harmful effect on the baby.
Drug interactions Alcohol and retinoid compounds increase toxicity of vitamin A. The oral contraceptives elevate the vitamin A serum level, whereas nitrites and cholestiramin reduce its resorption. Combined treatment with vitamin A and vitamin E has shown a very good effectiveness in the treatment of the gynecology, dermatology and geriatric diseases. In the treatment of day-blindness the combination with riboflavin and nicotinic acid is suitable.
Adverse reactions Following adverse reaction may appear: somnolence, headache, intracranial pressure elevation, rhagades, hyperpyrexia. With plasma vitamin A level about 50 000 UI per 100 ml vomiting, itching, visual nerve pupil swelling, diplopia, and skin hyperplasia could be seen.
Pharmacological mechanisms Retinol (Vitamin A) participates in the protein metabolism of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as in synthesis of the visual pigment rhodopsin. It participates also in mucopolysaccharide matabolism. In case of retinol deficiency the equilibrium between metionine and cysteine in epithel cells is disturbed, which leads to increased destruction and tendency to keratosis of the latter. Vitamin A defficiency inhibits the glycogen synthesis from glycerin, lactate and acetate, as well as transformation of triose to glucose. Vitamin A stimulates synthesis of suprarenal hormones. Probably the retinol growth hormone effect is related to its stimulating action on the sexual hormone and corticosteroid synthesis. Moreover it potentiates the formation of the skeleton, increases organism resistance to cold and to infection diseases. Vitamin A possesses exceptionally beneficial influence on the regeneratory process of the skin and mucous membranes.
Supplied One flacon with solution of 5 ml and dropper.
Expiry 1 year |