International generic name Morphine
Drug form and composition Solution for injection. One ampoule of 1 ml contains 10 mg (1%) or 20 mg (2%) Morphine hydrochloride.
Indications The preparation is used in patients with severe pain due to myocardial infarction; acute pulmonary edema; malignant diseases in terminal phase; large traumatic injuries; surgery.
Dosage and administration The preparation is applied parenterally - intramuscularly (preferable), subcutaneous or intravenously. In adults: intramuscularly or subcutaneous, 5-20 mg every 4 hours, if necessary. Intravenously the preparation is applied in dose 5-10 mg, diluted in 5 ml sterilized water for injections. Maximal dose is 50 mg /24 hours. In children Morphine is applied subcutaneous in dose 0.1-0.2 mg per kg body weight. The preparation could be applied as a continuos intravenous infusion in doses 0.05-0.1 mg per kg body weight. Maximal dose is 7.5-15 mg /24 hours.
Contraindications The preparation should not be used in following conditions: children younger than 5 years; respiratory center disorders; alcohol psychosis; pregnancy and nursing; anoxia; pulmonary edema; bronchiolitis; brain edema; myxedema; acute abdomen. The preparation should not be used in drivers and machinery operating persons.
Special warnings and precautions The treatment with Morphine may lead to bradycardia, vomiting, and spasms of the sphincters. In order to avoid the side effects atropine (subcutaneously) should be applied simultaneously. The preparation should be applied with care in following conditions: emotional disorders or suicide thoughts; following gastrointestinal surgery, in order to avoid an intestinal motility disorders; liver disorders; hypothyroidism; intestinal inflammations; prostatic gland hypertrophy or urinary tract obstruction; urethral stricture; following urinary tract surgery; renal function disorders; reduced respiratory reserve. In elderly patients and patients with debility the preparation should be used with exceptional care. In long-term treatment Morphine hydrochloride leads to mental and physical dependence.
Drug interactions Morphine effects are potentiated in concomitant application of following preparations: alcohol; general anesthetics; sedative and hypnotic drugs; neuroleptics; antiepilepsy and antihystamine preparations. Alkalizing agents reduce excretion of Morphine in urine.
Adverse reactions Morphine may lead to heart rate slowing; cardiovascular collapse; headache; dizziness; tremor; coordination disorders; impotence; respiratory center depression; brain edema in cranial injuries; abstinence with mental disorders; xerostomia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; constipation; dyspnea; oliguria; urine retention; glycosuria; scarlatina-like, measles-like, vesicular, and bullous rash; itching; dermatitis; hypothermia.
Pharmacological mechanisms Morphine, being a piperidine-phenantrene opium alkaloid, belongs to the group of narcotic analgesics. It possesses a powerful central analgesic effect. It has also an euphoric effect, manifesting with high spirits, sence of emotional comfort, lack of fear, hopelessness, and ill succsess. Morphine enhances the pain treshold and significantly depresses the CNS capabilities to summarize the under-threshold excitations. The long-term administration of Morphine significantly increases the risk of accustoming and addiction.
Supplied 10 or 100 ampoules of 1 ml (10 mg and 20 mg).
Expiry 3 years. |